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Spring Framework 시작하기

Posted Oct 6, 2023
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By HONG UI
6 min read

Spring Framework 생성 및 환경설정에 대한 정리를 해보려한다.
예전에는 add framework support가 있어서 설정이 빠르게 되었다고 하는데, 이제는 인텔리제이에서 지원하지 않는다고 한다.
Spring Framework를 add framework support 없이 프로젝트를 실행하는 방법이다.

프로젝트 생성

스프링 프로젝트 생성

  1. 제너레이터에서 Maven 원형 선택.
  2. JDK 선택.
  3. Archetype에서 org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp 선택.
  4. 생성 버튼 클릭.

프로젝트 생성 후 설정

1. webapp 폴더 파일 비우기

src/main/webapp/index.jsp와 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml를 지운다. webapp에는 설정 파일, jsp 파일이 위치하게 된다.

2. pom.xml 수정

pom.xml의 내용 수정 후 ctrl + shift + o를 눌러 maven 업데이트 진행한다.

pom.xml
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>springframework_practice</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springframework_practice Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
	<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
	<java-version>11</java-version>
	<org.springframework-version>5.3.20</org.springframework-version>
	<org.slf4j-version>1.7.25</org.slf4j-version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
	<!-- Spring -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	  <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
	  <exclusions>
		<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
		<exclusion>
		  <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
		  <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
		</exclusion>
	  </exclusions>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	  <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
	</dependency>

	<!-- Logging -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
	  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
	  <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
	  <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
	  <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
	  <scope>runtime</scope>
	</dependency>

	<!-- @Inject -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
	  <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
	  <version>1</version>
	</dependency>

	<!-- javax.servlet-api -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
	  <version>3.1.0</version>
	  <scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
	  <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
	  <version>2.1</version>
	  <scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	  <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
	  <version>1.2</version>
	</dependency>

	<!-- data base -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
	  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	  <version>8.0.22</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
	  <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
	  <version>3.5.6</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
	  <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
	  <version>1.3.2</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	  <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
	  <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
	  <artifactId>tomcat-dbcp</artifactId>
	  <version>9.0.31</version>
	</dependency>

	<!-- fileupload -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
	  <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
	  <version>1.3.1</version>
	</dependency>

	<!-- Lombok -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
	  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
	  <version>1.18.12</version>
	  <scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>

	<!-- json -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
	  <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
	  <version>1.1.1</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
	  <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
	  <version>2.8.2</version>
	</dependency>
	<!-- jackson-core -->
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
	  <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
	  <version>2.9.2</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	  <groupId>junit</groupId>
	  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
	  <version>4.11</version>
	  <scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
	<finalName>mvc_test</finalName>
	<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
	  <plugins>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>3.1.0</version>
		</plugin>
		<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>3.0.2</version>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>3.8.0</version>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>2.22.1</version>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>3.2.2</version>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>2.5.2</version>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
		  <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
		  <version>2.8.2</version>
		</plugin>
	  </plugins>
	</pluginManagement>
	<plugins>
	  <plugin>
		<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
		<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
		<configuration>
		  <source>11</source>
		  <target>11</target>
		</configuration>
	  </plugin>
	</plugins>
  </build>
</project>

3. webapp 폴더 파일 추가

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF에 root-context.xml, servlet-context.xml, web.xml 생성 servlet-context.xml에 패키지 이름 확인하는 곳 주의해야 한다.

root-context.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
</beans>
servlet-context.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
			 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
			 xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
			 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
			 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<annotation-driven />

	<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
	<resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"/>

	<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
	<beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
		<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</beans:bean>

	<!-- 프로젝트 패키지 이름 확인 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.hong.project1" />

</beans:beans>
web.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
		 xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
		 version="3.1">

	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
			/WEB-INF/root-context.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/servlet-context.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>

	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

</web-app>

4. WEB-INF 폴더 수정

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF에 views 폴더 생성 및 index.jsp 파일 추가.
jsp 파일들이 위치하게 되는 폴더이다.

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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
	<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h2>hello spring framework!!</h2>
</body>
</html>

5. MAIN 폴더 수정

main/java 폴더 및 패키지 생성 java 폴더에는 클래스 파일들이, resources 폴더에는 DB(MyBatis)가 들어가게 된다. main/java 생성 java 폴더에 package를 생성하는데, servlet-context.xml에 설정한 패키지 이름으로 생성한다.
여기서는 com.hong.project1으로 생성한다.

6. PACKAGE 및 컨트롤러 생성

MAIN 폴더 수정 에서 생성한 패키지에 컨트롤러 패키지 생성 및 파일 생성

  1. com.hong.project1.controller 패키지를 생성한다.
  2. java파일 HomeController.java를 생성한다.
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     package com.hong.project1.controller;

 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

 @Controller
 public class HomeController {
     @GetMapping("/")
     public String index(){
         return "index";
     }
 }

7. 톰캣 설정

  1. 설정에 들어가서 먼저 톰캣을 설치한다. 톰캣 설치
  2. 상단의 현재 파일을 눌러 구성편집을 클릭하여 실행/디버그 수정 창을 띄운 후 아래와 같이 작성한다. 톰캣 설정

8. 프로젝트 실행

이제 프로젝트를 실행해서 웹에서 확인하여 잘 만들어졌는지 확인한다.
스프링 실행

IT, Spring
spring 환경설정 프로젝트 시작
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